Compound Words

  1. Compounds nouns like buildup, cleanup, and ongoing are not hyphenated. But when used as verbs, they are treated as two words: to build up, clean up.

  2. Words ending in -like are usually closed except when they are formed from proper names or words ending in ll. (See Spelling section for the dictionaries to check.)

    asphaltlike vs. Lougheed-like vs. drill-like

  3. Compounds with self- and ex- are always hyphenated.

    self-governing; self-conscious; ex-mayor

  4. Do not hyphenate compass points when there are only two directions. Do hyphenate if there are three.

    northwest

    south-southeast

  5. Hyphens generally do not follow prefixes—a few examples:

    ante (antebellum)
    anti (antibiotic)
    bi (bivalve)
    co (coauthor)
    contra (contraindication)
    de (debrief)
    extra (extracurricular)
    infra (infrared)
    inter (interburden)
    intra (intravenous)
    macro (macroeconomic)
    micro (microfracture)
    mid (midway)
    multi (multiwell)
    non (noncompliant)
    over (overtreatment)
    post (postoperatively)
    pre (preapplication)
    pro (proactive)
    pseudo (pseudoscience)
    re (reload; reabandon)
    semi (semiannual)
    sub (substandard)
    super (supernatural)
    supra (supraorbital)
    trans (transaortic)
    tri (triglycerides)
    ultra (ultrasound)
    un (unconscious)
    under (undersaturated)

    HOWEVER

    1. Use a hyphen between a prefix ending in a vowel and a word beginning with the same vowel.

      anti-intellectual; de-emphasize.

    2. When alternative prefixes are presented with one word, the prefix standing alone takes a hyphen followed by a space.

      over- and underused; macro- and microeconomic

    3. Use a hyphen when the second element is capitalized.

      intra-Alberta transport

    4. Use a hyphen to distinguish between two meanings.

      He resigned from the team vs. He re-signed with the team

      Also: re-cover; re-creation, re-form; re-treat; un-ionized

    5. Quasi is accepted as a standalone word and is only hyphenated when used in a compound adjective appearing before the noun.

      a quasi-judicial organization but a quasi corporation